详解Web使用webpack构建前端项目

好久没写技术博客了, 原因在于最近在学习前端方面的技术, 熟悉我的同学都知道, 之前我有使用Vue搭建了一个个人简历, 体验了一把最新的前端技术, 但之前我们使用的是vue-cli脚手架工具, 对于如何自己实现前端构建工具, 当下最为流行的就是webpack和gulp了, 之前一篇我们讲了gulp, 这一篇我们来好好讨论webpack.

成都创新互联主要从事做网站、网站制作、网页设计、企业做网站、公司建网站等业务。立足成都服务中方,10余年网站建设经验,价格优惠、服务专业,欢迎来电咨询建站服务:18982081108

详解Web使用webpack构建前端项目

说起webpack, 想必做前端的同学肯定不会陌生, 其实之前我们使用gulp构建的时候, 也使用了webpack的打包技术, 其实gulp和webpack并不是相互替代的关系, 而是相辅相成, 今天我们就来好好看看webpack的神奇之处吧.

我们学习一样新技术, 首先肯定是从他的官方文档入手, 当然我们要学习也是学最新版的.webpack的官方教程写的非常好, 一步一步讲的很到位, 各位同学可以直接阅读官方文档, 比起博客中的二手, 三手以及四手的资料, 官方文档肯定是你更好的选择.

这篇文章, 不是教你什么看这一篇就够了之类的对于官方文档拷贝的水文, 而是能让你快速上手并且觉得所谓的webpack其实也就这么一回事, webpack你只要记住一个中心思想, 就和上面的图示一样, 将所有错综复杂的文件逻辑打包压缩成几个静态资源, 不多说了, 我们还是看代码来的实际.

webpack.config.js

对于一些抛弃jquery迎接react和vue的前端开发者来说, webpack虽然可能自己没有写过, 但看总是看过的吧, 一般来说, 都会有一个webpack.config.js的webpack配置文件.下面的代码就是一个简单的webpack的配置, 麻雀虽小五脏俱全.

var debug = process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production"; //是否是测试环境
var webpack = require('webpack'); //导入webpack包
var path = require('path');

module.exports = { //导出 webpack固定写法
 context: path.join(__dirname),
 devtool: debug ? "inline-sourcemap" : null, //是否使用map工具, 用于浏览器debug
 entry: "./src/js/root.js", //打包的实体
 module: {
  loaders: [ //加载的配置
   {
    test: /\.js?$/,
    exclude: /(node_modules)/,
    loader: 'babel-loader',
    query: {
     presets: ['react', 'es2015'], //添加预处理器
     plugins: ['react-html-attrs'], //添加组件的插件配置
    }
   },
   { test: /\.css$/, loader: 'style-loader!css-loader' },
   {
    test: /\.less$/,
    loader: "style!css!less"
   }
  ]
 },
 output: { //输出的路径及文件名
  path: __dirname,
  filename: "./src/bundle.js"
 },
 plugins: debug ? [] : [ //一些插件
  new webpack.optimize.DedupePlugin(),
  new webpack.optimize.OccurenceOrderPlugin(),
  new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({ mangle: false, sourcemap: false }),
 ],
};

webpack主要包括entry, module, output, plugins四大类, 官方文档说的已经很清楚了, 想要进一步的学习,请翻阅官方文档, 如果不想折腾直接拷贝上述代码即可.

相较gulp, webpack在打包方面更为精简, 这也是流行的原因吧, 但光看上面的文件, 的确也是简单, 但是还有进一步改善的空间.

package.json

对于npm的介绍我就不多说了, 我们直接来看文件.

{
 "name": "webpack",
 "version": "1.0.0",
 "description": "",
 "main": "index.js",
 "scripts": { //命令行工具
  "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
  "watch": "webpack --progress --watch",
  "start": "webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js",
  "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js"
 },
 "keywords": [],
 "author": "",
 "license": "ISC",
 "devDependencies": { //开发环境依赖
  "babel-loader": "^7.1.2",
  "clean-webpack-plugin": "^0.1.16",
  "css-loader": "^0.28.7",
  "csv-loader": "^2.1.1",
  "file-loader": "^0.11.2",
  "html-webpack-plugin": "^2.30.1",
  "json-loader": "^0.5.7",
  "lodash": "^4.17.4",
  "style-loader": "^0.18.2",
  "uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^0.4.6",
  "webpack": "^3.6.0",
  "webpack-dev-middleware": "^1.12.0",
  "webpack-dev-server": "^2.8.2",
  "webpack-merge": "^4.1.0",
  "xml-loader": "^1.2.1"
 },
 "dependencies": { //生产环境依赖
  "babel-plugin-import": "^1.5.0",
  "babel-plugin-react-html-attrs": "^2.0.0",
  "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",
  "babel-preset-react": "^6.24.1",
  "babelify": "^7.3.0",
  "react": "^15.6.1",
  "react-dom": "^15.6.1",
  "react-mixin": "^4.0.0",
  "react-router": "^4.2.0"
 }
}

命令行工具就是npm run build等于执行了webpack --config webpack.prod.js, 而npm start 等于执行了webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js.简单易懂吧.

在项目依赖中, 哦们加了很多的插件和loader, 都是用来搭建webpack的, 官方文档的教程中都会讲到, 值得注意的就是webpack-merge这个包, 这个包可以让我们生产环境和开发环境很好的隔离配置, 我们看看怎么做呢?

首先我们需要将之前的webpack.config.js分成三个文件 --- webpack.common.js, webpack.dev.js, webpack.prod.js.

webpack.common.js

这个是webpack的共同配置, 总体和之前看到的大同小异, 我们主要是导入了两个插件, 一个是清除插件, 一个是创建html的插件.

const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
 entry: './src/index.js',
 plugins: [
  new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),
  new HtmlWebpackPlugin({title: 'webpack'}),
  new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin()
 ],
 output: {
  filename: '[name].[chunkhash].js',
  path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist')
 },
 module: {
  rules: [
   {
    test: /\.js?$/,
    exclude: /(node_modules)/,
    loader: 'babel-loader',
    query: {
     presets: [
      'react', 'es2015'
     ],
     plugins: ['react-html-attrs']
    }
   },
   {
    test: /\.css$/,
    use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader']
   }, {
    test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif)$/,
    use: ['file-loader']
   }, {
    test: /\.(woff|woff2|eot|ttf|otf)$/,
    use: ['file-loader']
   }, {
    test: /\.(csv|tsv)$/,
    use: ['csv-loader']
   }, {
    test: /\.xml$/,
    use: ['xml-loader']
   }
  ]
 }
};

rules配置中我们也就是将一些可能用到的文件也配置到webpack中来, babel-loader这种如果要讲还可以再开一篇, 其实就是个js的兼容性工具, 这样理解就可以了.

webpack.dev.js

webpack开发环境的配置, 非常简单, 就是用了之前讲的webpack-merge工具, 就和git一样, 合并了webpack.common.js的配置外新加了可以进行调试的inline-source-map工具, 以及热更新的内容索引.

const merge = require('webpack-merge');
const common = require('./webpack.common.js');

module.exports = merge(common, {
 devtool: 'inline-source-map',
 devServer: {
  contentBase: './dist'
 }
});

webpack.prod.js

webpack生产环境的配置, 新加了一个压缩插件以及环境配置的插件, 这里的开发工具和开发还款下的有所不同, 具体可直接看官方文档.

const webpack = require('webpack');
const merge = require('webpack-merge');
const UglifyJSPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin');
const common = require('./webpack.common.js');

module.exports = merge(common, {
 devtool: 'source-map',
 plugins: [
  new UglifyJSPlugin({sourceMap: true}),
  new webpack.DefinePlugin({
   'process.env': {
    'NODE_ENV': JSON.stringify('production')
   }
  })
 ]
});

terminal

这样我们就配置完成啦, 我们在终端上输入看下效果:

cd ../ && npm i 

首先我们进入到目录下并进行node包的安装.

npm run build

MacBook-Pro-15:webpack zhushuangquan$ npm run build

> webpack@1.0.0 build /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack
> webpack --config webpack.prod.js

clean-webpack-plugin: /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack/dist has been removed.
Hash: 85b65f54ef1436b295a5
Version: webpack 3.6.0
Time: 1148ms
              Asset    Size Chunks       Chunk Names
  main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js 671 bytes    0 [emitted] main
main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js.map  6.47 kB    0 [emitted] main
           index.html 197 bytes     [emitted] 
[lVK7] ./src/index.js 184 bytes {0} [built]
Child html-webpack-plugin for "index.html":
   1 asset
  [3IRH] (webpack)/buildin/module.js 517 bytes {0} [built]
  [DuR2] (webpack)/buildin/global.js 509 bytes {0} [built]
    + 2 hidden modules

我们可以看到已经打包好的文件:

main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js

!function(e){function n(r){if(t[r])return t[r].exports;var o=t[r]={i:r,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,n),o.l=!0,o.exports}var t={};n.m=e,n.c=t,n.d=function(e,t,r){n.o(e,t)||Object.defineProperty(e,t,{configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,get:r})},n.n=function(e){var t=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return n.d(t,"a",t),t},n.o=function(e,n){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)},n.p="",n(n.s="lVK7")}({lVK7:function(e,n,t){"use strict";document.body.appendChild(function(){var e=document.createElement("div");return e.innerHTML="Hello webpack",e}())}});
//# sourceMappingURL=main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js.map

我们可以看到在webpack的打包和压缩下, 代码已经基本不可读了. 所以我们需要加上之前的调试插件, 以便生产环境出现bug后的补救.

npm start

MacBook-Pro-15:webpack zhushuangquan$ npm start

> webpack@1.0.0 start /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack
> webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js

clean-webpack-plugin: /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack/dist has been removed.
Project is running at http://localhost:8080/
webpack output is served from /
Content not from webpack is served from ./dist
webpack: wait until bundle finished: /
Hash: 06f20ec519d58fbd5c28
Version: webpack 3.6.0
Time: 1460ms
            Asset    Size Chunks          Chunk Names
main.5eb4d4e3f458c49658a2.js   852 kB    0 [emitted] [big] main
         index.html 197 bytes     [emitted]     
[6Um2] (webpack)/node_modules/url/util.js 314 bytes {0} [built]
[8o/D] (webpack)-dev-server/client/overlay.js 3.71 kB {0} [built]
[HPf+] (webpack)/node_modules/url/url.js 23.3 kB {0} [built]
[Lx3u] (webpack)/hot/log.js 1.04 kB {0} [optional] [built]
[Sj28] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js 161 bytes {0} [built]
[TfA6] (webpack)/hot nonrecursive ^\.\/log$ 170 bytes {0} [built]
[U2me] (webpack)/hot/emitter.js 77 bytes {0} [built]
[V3KU] (webpack)-dev-server/client/socket.js 1.04 kB {0} [built]
[cMmS] (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 7.27 kB {0} [built]
[gqsi] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/loglevel/lib/loglevel.js 7.74 kB {0} [built]
  [0] multi (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 ./src/index.js 40 bytes {0} [built]
[gt+Q] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/ansi-regex/index.js 135 bytes {0} [built]
[lVK7] ./src/index.js 184 bytes {0} [built]
[p7Vd] (webpack)/node_modules/punycode/punycode.js 14.7 kB {0} [built]
[pEPF] (webpack)/node_modules/querystring-es3/index.js 127 bytes {0} [built]
  + 73 hidden modules
Child html-webpack-plugin for "index.html":
   1 asset
  [3IRH] (webpack)/buildin/module.js 517 bytes {0} [built]
  [DuR2] (webpack)/buildin/global.js 509 bytes {0} [built]
  [M4fF] ./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js 540 kB {0} [built]
  [a/t9] ./node_modules/html-webpack-plugin/lib/loader.js!./node_modules/html-webpack-plugin/default_index.ejs 538 bytes {0} [built]
webpack: Compiled successfully.

我们可以看到打开了一个内容为Hello webpack的网页在8080端口, 当我们修改了文件时候网页会自动刷新.

知识点:

回到我们刚才的package.json的命令行配置来看.

 "scripts": { //命令行工具
  "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
  "watch": "webpack --progress --watch",
  "start": "webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js",
  "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js"
 },
  • 上面的npm run build => webpack => webpack.prod.js, 就是执行了生产环境的配置的打包命令.
  • 上面的npm start => webpack-dev-server --open => webpack.dev.js, 就是执行了开发环境配置的服务端命令.
  • --config是用于执行webpack配置文件的命令, 而默认为webpack.config.js.
  • webpack命令就是和之前的gulp的逻辑相似, 将entry实例复制到output路径的逻辑. 当然还伴随着一系列的操作.
  • webpack-dev-server --open命令是打开服务器并进行热加载的用途.

以上就是webpack的使用及逻辑, 并没有想象中的复杂吧, 甚至可以说是简单, 实测一天即可入门webpack.

由于webpack的配置是固定代码, 我已经打包上传github, 需要的同学可以进行下载.

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持创新互联。

当前题目:详解Web使用webpack构建前端项目
路径分享:/article12/jpcjdc.html

成都网站建设公司_创新互联,为您提供App开发定制开发网站内链网站导航动态网站企业网站制作

广告

声明:本网站发布的内容(图片、视频和文字)以用户投稿、用户转载内容为主,如果涉及侵权请尽快告知,我们将会在第一时间删除。文章观点不代表本网站立场,如需处理请联系客服。电话:028-86922220;邮箱:631063699@qq.com。内容未经允许不得转载,或转载时需注明来源: 创新互联

营销型网站建设